9. How shall I govern my School? Addressed to young Teachers, and also adapted to assist Parents in Family Government. By E. C. WINES, author of "Two Years and a Half in the Navy," and "Hints on a System of Popular Education." Philadelphia: W. Marshall & Co. 1838. 12mo. pp. 309.

WERE the proper and full purpose of school government effected, when outward obedience is secured, the work would require little more than a mathematical computation of resistance and power: such, however, is not Mr. Wines estimate of the duty, nor such his plan of accomplishing it. He bears in mind that every exercise of authority should carry with it an inculcation of moral principle, on the part of the teacher; and every surrender of, will be a recognition, on the part of the pupil, of the force of moral truth. Herein is contained the substance of his answer to the difficult question, which forms the title of his book. It will readily be seen, that however excellent such a book may be, it can have little chance of becoming a popular manual, or of being extensively introduced into the manufactories of patent school masters. Still we hope it will be read by all to whom the training of children is intrusted, whether in the family or school; for although it furnishes no summary process for eradicating natural perverseness, and gives no recipe for a morning dose all round of sulphur and treacle to purify the moral blood, it is full of sound philosophy, and what is more, it is entirely free from nonsense. It points out the difficulties and trials of the profession of teaching, and fairly warns all who are not willing to encounter and surmount them, against engaging in it. There is nothing new in the system which it presents; it is simply the government of a well regulated family, more fully carried out. It requires good sense, principle, exemplary virtue, genuine piety, and kindly affections in teachers, and implicit obedience from pupils. Its whole reliance is on the moral power of the former, derived from his character, conduct, and habit of self-control, and his deportment toward those whom he is to govern. It will disappoint those who seek, in such a work, for rules of government reduced to formulas; and those who would hope to find in it codes of school laws, as it especially eschews such things: it will also disappoint and dissatisfy your commonwealth-men, who would constitute a juvenile republic, or Hazlewood païdocracy in every school, inasmuch as it insists upon an "invariable, unconditional, unhesitating submission" to the will of the master. It says nothing of emulation, and little of reward in any form, except to recommend the bestowment of praise, as an absolute, not a relative desert; nor is it much fuller on the subject of punishments-its doctrine is, that they are not to be spared, but used sparingly—the rod as a last resort. Were this portion of our journal appropriated to

discussions, we should have something to offer on this topic; as it is not, we must wait another occasion. The concluding chapter is devoted to a subject, justly considered by the author as one of great moment, that of the influence of the public opinion of the school. The force of public opinion in such communities is no less, than in kingdoms and states: if it cannot dethrone, it can paralyze power; it must be under the control of the head of the school, and on the side of "law, order and virtue," or authority becomes odious, vexatious annoyances nullify discipline, and incessant irritations banish the spirit of obedience. It is more just and generous, than the public favor of men; its price is not like that, the sacrifice of principle; it is rarely withheld when deserved, and there is no surer way of deserving it, than to govern upon Mr. Wines's system, and be, as he recommends, affectionate, reasonable, firm, uniform, and impartial. We must again commend this volume for its spirit, its ability, and the soundness of its views. We have rarely seen a work on any subject connected with education, which deserves more unqualified praise.

10. Principles of General Grammar, adapted to the capacity of Youth, and proper to serve as an Introduction to the study of Languages. By A. J. SYLVESTRE DE SACY, Member of the Royal Council of Public Instruction, etc., etc. Translated and fitted for American use, by D. FOSDICK, JR. Second American, from the fifth French Edition. Andover and New-York: Gould & Newman. 1837. 12mo. pp. 156.

WE intended, before now, to express our gratification at the appearance of a second edition of this work. The reputation of its author, the celebrated philologist, Baron De Sacy, whose recent death is so great a loss to the cause of good letters, would be enough to call attention to the work. It has been well "fitted for American use" by Mr. Fosdick, and we are persuaded of its usefulness, not so much, however, as an "introduction to the study of languages," in the strict sense of the terms, as after a little progress has been made, not only in the study of the mother tongue, but also in the grammatical study of one or two other languages. We think some development and culture of the reflecting faculties, and some little store of acquisition of particular facts in two or three languages, requisite to the most profitable study of this work. The youth may then fall back and ground himself the easier and better of the principles of this work; and he will then be able to possess himself truly of his past acquisitions, in particular grammar, and to proceed with more firm, intelligent, and successful steps, in his future study of the languages. For this use, there is, we think, no work to be compared with this.

11. Human Physiology; for the use of Elementary Schools. By CHARLES A. LEE, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica in the University of the City of New-York. Published by the American Common School Union. 1838. pp. 224.

PROFESSOR Lee has given, in this little volume, the substance of what is useful, and of all that is known respecting human physiology. Dr. Francis, on whose judgment we place great reliance, has given the author his opinion of the work in the following terms: "It recommends itself, as a clear and lucid exposition of elementary information on an important branch of natural science, for those for whom it is especially intended; remarkably free from all ambiguities of thought or language, and unnecessary digression. It is well adapted to the capacities of youthful learners." With this judgment, our own examination of the work leads us to coincide. We add, also- and it is an eminent merit of Dr. Lee's book, in our eyes-that there is no materializing tendency in it; the general spirit and tone of the work are not only unexceptionable, but pure and religious.

12. Treatise on French Poetry; or Explanation of the Rulesof French Prosody with numerous examples, extracted from standard authors in that language; followed by selections from the best poets of modern times. By FRANÇOIS TURNER, Bachelier-ès-Lettres, et Licencié en droit de l'Universités de France, Instructor of the French Language in Yale University, etc., etc. New Haven: A. H. Maltby. 1838. 12mo. pp. 364.

We have not room for a detailed account of this work, and we have noticed it, rather to introduce it to the acquaintance, and to commend it to the attention, of those who are desirous of familiarizing themselves with the peculiarities of French versification. The work is intended as a text-book for students, and seems well adapted for that purpose. The subjects treated of, are: The construction of poetical lines, the nature and different kinds of rhyme, and the manner of arranging and combining the lines. We are sorry the author has said nothing of quantity, properly so called, for although it is not indispensable, it is yet important, even in an elementary treatise of this kind.

13. TOWNSEND'S BIBLE. The Old Testament, arranged in Historical and Chronological Order, (on the basis of Lightfoot's Chronicle) in such a manner that the Books, Chapters, Psalms, Prophesies, etc., etc., may be read in one Connected History, in the words of the Authorized Translation. With Notes and copious Indexes. By the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND, M. A., Prebendary of Durham, and Vicar of Northallerton. Revised, Punctuated, divided into Paragraphs and Parallelisms, Italic words re-examined, a choice and copious Selection of References given, etc. By the REV. T. W. Corr, D. D., late President of Transylvania University. The New Testament, arranged in Historical and Chronological Order; with copious Notes on the Principal Subjects in Theology ; the Gospels on the basis of the Harmonies of Lightfoot, Doddridge, Pilkington, Newcome, Michalis; the Account of the Resurrection, on the authorities of West, Townson, and Cranfield; the Epistles are inserted in their places, and divided according to the Apostles' Arguments. By the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND, M. A. The whole Revised, divided into Paragraphs, Punctuated according to the best critical texts, the Italic words re-examined, Passages and Words of doubtful authority marked, a Choice and Copious Selection of Parallel Passages given, etc. By the REV. T. W. COIT, D. D. Boston: Perkins & Marvin. Philadelphia : Henry Perkins. 1837, 1838. Two Volumes, Royal Octavo. pp. 1212. 927.

THE enterprising publishers deserve great credit for bringing out these volumes. The work is one of great importance in itself; and the style in which it is published is an honor to the American press. The title, (which we have given in full,) is a pretty complete description of the nature and plan of the work, and indicates its peculiar advantages. Of the pre-eminent merit of Townsend's edition of the Bible, it is needless at this day to say any thing; but of the labors of Dr. Coit upon the American edition, it is but bare justice to say, that they have incalculably enhanced the value of the work. Of these labors, the title gives a general but not complete description: their variety, amount, and importance to a thorough acquaintance with the meaning, force, and spirit of the Scriptures, can only be adequately judged from a minute and careful study of the work itself. We attach the greatest value to the services which, as we believe, Dr. Coit has rendered to the cause of Biblical knowledge and of religion, in breaking up the old arbitrary division of the Scriptures into chapters and verses, and in restoring the order and divisions of nature and logic,-the method, too, which common sense applies to every other book. There is no important book in the world which would not suffer materially by being subjected to such a process as the common editions of the Scriptures; and from

the nature of the case, this process has been peculiarly unfavorable to the study of the Scriptures. These divisions, it is perfectly well known to scholars, are without any authority-being purely the work of man. The present division of the Bible into chapters is attributed to Cardinal Hugo, A. D. 1240, though this is not absolutely certain; the division into verses was at a much later period, though it is impossible to determine precisely when or by whom it was made. These divisions are not only without authority for us, but they have no advantage whatever, except for facility of reference; while their disadvantages are numerous and grave. We fully agree with Dr. Coit-and are glad, also, to have the authority of so eminent a biblical scholar as Professor Lee on the same side-that the obscurity and difficulty of understanding the Scriptures are, in a no small degree, attributable to these unnatural and arbitrary divisions, and that the Bible would become, even for common readers, quite intelligible of itself, if only put in an intelligible shape. Dr. Coit's Paragraph Bible, published a few years ago, was an exceedingly valuable contribution to the knowledge of the Scriptures; and we are glad he has followed the same plan in this edition of Townsend. He has indicated, in small figures, the divisions of chapter and verse of the common editions; so that this has the same advantage with them for reference, while at the same time the logical divisions and connexions are kept unimpaired. We could heartily wish this plan were adopted in every edition of the Bible for common use. We are sure it would contribute unspeakably to render the Scriptures intelligible and interesting.

Another important matter in the improvements made by Dr. Coit in this edition of Townsend's Bible, is his revision of the Italic words. The Italic words, occurring in the editions of the common version in general use, are obviously, in many cases, of no use to the scholar, or to the common reader, while to the latter they are not seldom a source of doubt and perplexity. On this point we give the following remarks from Dr. Coit's preface:

"In respect to the Italic words, it is well known to Biblical scholars, that in 1769, Dr. Benjamin Blayney, under the direction of the Vice-Chancellor and Delegates of the University of Oxford, thoroughly revised our Common Version, and among other things carefully printed in Italics every word for which there was not an identical representative in the original. But this was a needless, and in multitudes of instances, a useless labor; and in consequence, an attempt has been made to diminish his Italics. Had time permitted, they would all have been examined, and such only retained, as, taking into consideration the idioms of the original, might seem worthy of special notice."

In a note to this passage, Dr. Coit adds:

"Dr. Blayney seems to have quite forgotten, that the idioms of ancient tongues allow many things to be habitually understood or unexpressed, which it is, of course, no liberty in a translator to supply."...." Dr. Blaney seems to have regarded all such omissions, and others as easily accounted for, as matters for serious