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centre of the building, but two feet to the westward of it, the measurement from the south side being 18 feet, or exactly half the diameter, while that from the eastern side was 20 feet, or 2 feet more than the semi-diameter. bottom of the chamber was

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exactly 7 feet above the terrace or upper surface of the basement, and 3 feet above the centre of the hemisphere.

3. The relic-box, formed of white sandstone, is 11 inches long, 9 inches broad, and the same in height, including the lid. It was standing with one of its long sides to the east, towards the Great Tope. On removing it from the chamber, we found the following inscriptions carved in three lines on its eastern face

Saviná Vinayakána Aran Kásapa

Gotam Upádiya Aran cha Váchhi
Suvijayatam Vináyaka.

"Teacher of all branches of Vinaya, the Arhat Kásyapa
GOTRA, Upádiya (or Abbot); and the Arhat

VÁCHHI SUVIJAYATA, teacher of Vinaya.'

4. Upádiya, in Sanskrit Upádháya, was the Abbot or head of a Buddhist monastery, who had accomplished Upádána, or the complete restraint of all the organs of sense, and the consequent suppression of all earthly desires. Vinaya was the lowest of the three grades of advancement taught by the Buddhist religionists; and the fact that Kásyapa-Gotra was a teacher of Vinaya will account for his mission

* See Plate XX.

to the Hemawanta, where, as we learn from the Chinese travellers, the active mountaineers preferred the practical teachings of the Vinaya to the esoteric doctrines of the Abhidharma. The spelling of Aran for Arhata is peculiar, as this title is always written Araha in the inscriptions of the colonnade of the Great Tope.

5. On removing the lid of the stone box, we found inside four small caskets or boxes of mottled steatite, of which one is represented of half size in Plate XX. Each of these caskets contained small portions of burnt human bone, and each was inscribed with the names of the holy men whose ashes were enshrined therein. All these inscriptions will be found in Plate XX.

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No. I.-STEATITE BOX.

OUTSIDE LID.

Sapurisa(sa) Kásapa Gotasa Sava Hemavatáchariyasa. (Relics) of the emancipated KASYAPA GOTRA, the missionary to the whole Hemawanta."

INSIDE LID.

Sapurisa(sa) Majhimasa.

"(Relics) of the emancipated MADHYAMA."

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No. II.-STEATITE BOX.

OUTER CIRCLE.

Sapurisasa Váchháya Suvijayatasa Gotantevásino. (Relics) of the emancipated VÁCHнÁ SUVIJAYATA, the pupil of GOTA."

INNER CIRCLE.

Kákanava-pábhásasáhana dánam.
"The gift of KÁKANAVA PRABHÁSANA.”

No. III.-STEATITE BOX.

OUTSIDE LID.

Sapurisasa Maha Vanáyasa-Sapurisasa Ápagirasa. "(Relics) of the emancipated MAHA VANAYA, (and) of the emancipated APAGIRA."

INSIDE LID.

Sapurisasa Kodiniputasa.

"(Relics) of the emancipated KOHUDINYA-PUTRA.”

No. IV.-STEATITE BOX.

OUTSIDE LID.

Sapurisasa Kosikiputasa.

"(Relics) of the emancipated KAUSIKIPUTRA.”

INSIDE LID.

Sapurisasa Gotiputasa.

"(Relics) of the emancipated GOTIPUTRA.”

Воттом.

Sapurisasa Mogaliputasa.
"(Relics) of the emancipated MAUDGALAPUTRA.”

6. REMARKS.

No. I. Box.-The names of Kásyapa and Madhyama are recorded in the Mahawanso as two of the five missionaries who were despatched to the Hemawanta country, after the meeting of the Third Synod in 241 B. C. A second casket of Kásyapa's relics was discovered at Sonári, and from the inscription we learn that he was the son of Koti. Of Háritiputra nothing is known; but another portion of his relics was found enshrined alone in No. 3 Tope at Andher.

No. II. Box. —Vacchi-suvijayata must have been a man of some consequence, for his name is placed on the outside of the stone box, along with that of Kasyapa. Relics of his son, Vacchiputra, were found at Andher, along with those of Kákanava Prabhásan and Mogaliputra. He is thus doubly connected with Kákanava, who was the donor of his

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relics to the Sánchi Tope. Colonel Low gives a story from the Páli books of Burma, regarding a sea captain named Káká-bhásá, who traded to Takkasila in the reign of Asoka.* Káká-bhásá appears to be only a contracted form of Kákanava Prabhásan. The Captain was a servant of the King of Rom, whose subjects were famous for magic spells. Asoka, therefore, employed Kákábhású to discover some hidden relics, and to superintend their enshrinement in a splendid Chaitya, which was duly accomplished with the recital of one hundred and eight Páli invocations. I presume that Kákábhásá was a native of Multan, or Sind, and that he traded to Takkasila for rock salt. Kákanava Prábhásán was the son of Goti, and a descendant of Kodini or Kohudinya, one of Buddha's eighty disciples. The name is a remarkable one, and as both parties were contemporaries of Asoka, it is at least quite possible that they were the same person.

No. III. Steatite Box.-Of Maha Vanaya and Apagira I know nothing; but Kodini-putra was probably a son or descendant of the celebrated Kohudinya, one of Buddha's eighty disciples.

No. IV. Steatite Box.-I know nothing of Kosikiputra; but Gotiputra, as we learn from one of the Andher inscriptions, was a descendant of Kodini or Kohudinya, who has just been mentioned. Mogali or Maudgala putra was the well-known head of the Buddhist Church, who superintended the proceedings

* Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, xvii. 91, 92.

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